Research: Hallux Valgus in Dancers

This review article discusses the relevant anatomy and clinical presentation of hallux valgus with a specific focus on the condition in dancers. There are many intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors for hallux valgus in the current literature, including age, gender, genetics, race, first ray hypermobility, foot architecture, tight Achilles tendon complex, first metatarsal length, footwear, technique, and workload/stresses on the MTP joint.


Despite the two being closely associated in most people’s minds, there has been very little research done on the relationship – if any – between dance and hallux valgus deformity. Additionally, the few studies that have been done have produced conflicting results and conclusions. At this point, there is not enough evidence to definitively say whether dance increases the incidence or severity of hallux valgus deformity. Wearing a properly-fitting pointe shoe (that is re-sized every 2-3 years after the epiphyseal plates have closed) can reduce or prevent symptoms of hallux valgus among ballet dancers.

Lastly, this review article summarized current treatment recommendations. However, there is no evidence-based literature on the treatment of hallux valgus deformity, so there can be no evidence-supported treatment techniques for the condition. The authors instead chose to make treatment recommendations based on clinical opinion. Conservative treatment techniques should come first for dancers with surgery, if necessary, being delayed until after the dancer’s career has ended, if able. The treatment recommendations made in this review article include ensuring proper technique and alignment, using the external hip rotators to distribute weight over the foot appropriately, stretching the Achilles tendon complex, strengthening exercises for the intrinsic foot muscles (especially the abductor hallucis muscle), using toe spacers and horseshoe pads to improve MTP joint alignment and relieve pressure. Splints and spacers like bunion splints and yoga toes can be used to reduce symptoms overnight.



Davenport KL, Simmel L, Kadel N. Hallux valgus in dancers: A closer look at dance technique and its impact on dancers’ feet. J Dance Med Sci. 2014:18(2):86-92.